Metal-working compositions



Patented Feb. 2, 1 954 IMETAL-WORKING COMPOSITIONS Thomas H. Cafcas, Chicago, and Albert W. Lindert, Homewood, IlL, assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, Ill.,

Indiana I a corporation of No Drawing. Application July 23, 1949, Serial No. 106,488

3 Claims. (01. 252-434) This invention relates to improved soluble-oil compositions, and more particularly pertains to improved emulsifiable cutting compositions.

It is well known in the art to employ lubricating oilv emulsions which function to lubricate and cool various metallic surfaces under metal working operations such as cutting, turning, drilling, grinding and similar operations on metals such as, for example, iron, copper, bronze, steel and various metal alloys. Although these lubricating compositions may be satisfactory r with regards to lubricating and cooling char acteristics, in some instances, they are not as satisfactory as desired in the respect that the compositions to a varying degree tend to retain in suspension the metallic particles produced in the metal-working. Generally, the lubricating.

oil emulsion containing metallic particles passes to a settling zone, wherein the metallic particles are allowed to settle by gravity, before the lubricant is recycled for use. If the metallicparticles are not substantially removed from the composition prior to reuse, they are recirculated to the point of contact of the tool and themetal being fabricated, and therefore seriously inter fere in the machining operation.

It is an object of our inventionto provide an improved lubricating and cooling composition.

the hydroxy aromatic acid,'hereinafter referred to as settling agents, can be added have the following general formulae.

FORMULA I Weight percent Baseoil -95 Emulsifying agent 5-44) Dispersing agent 0-5 Rustproofing agent 0-1 Bactericidal agent 0-1 Water 0-3 v FORMULA II Weight percent Base oil 45-95 Base sulfurized oil 5-25 Emulsifying agent 5-40 Dispersing agent 0-5 Rustproofing agent 0-1 Bactericidal agent 0-1 Water 0-5- In addition to the above formulae employing V petroleum oil as the base material, compositions containing water as the principal base constituent also may be improved by incorporation of our novel settling agents. Formula III'represents a general formula for such a composition.

' FORMULA III Weight percent Base oil 1-20 Emulsifying agent 10-30 Rustproofing agent 0-1 Dispersing agent 0-5 Bactericidal agent 0-1 Water 40-90 The settling agent to be employed for the purposes of our invention is a hydroxy aromatic acid such as for example monohydroxy aromatic acids, dihydroxy aromatic acids, trihydroxy aro-- matic acids and tannins or tannic acids. For the purpose of this specification and appended claims, hydroxy aromatic acids include monohydroxy aromatic acids as well as polyhydroxy aromatic acids. As an example a monohydroxy aromatic acid which'can be used in our'invention is salicylic acid. The dihydroxy aromatic acids which can be used in our invention include protocatecheric acid, pyro-catechin-o-carboxylic acid, a-IeSOl'0y1ic acid, fl-resorcylic acid, 'y-resorcylic acid and hydroquinone carboxylic acid. The trihydroxy aromatic acids which can be used include a variety of compounds such as, for example, gallic acid, pyrogallol-carboxylic acid, phloro-glucin-carboxylic acid, and oxy-hydroquinone-carboxylic acid. The tannins or.,tannic acids which can be used include, for example, kino-tannin, catechu tannin, quebracho tannin, gallo tannin, leuco tannin, moringa tannin, tannins from coffee,- oak, hemlock, chestnut and larch. Ellagic acid, luteic acid, digallic acid can likewise be used. Of the polyhydroxy aromatic acids in our invention, the tannic acids or tannins are preferred for the reason that better settling rates are obtained. It is not to be inferred that the hydroxy aromatic acids enumerated above are equivalent in eifectiveness in conventional soluble-oil compositions, but under certain conditions, depending on the composition employed, some settling agents are more desirable than others.

In practicing our invention, generally, the hydroxy aromatic acids are added to conventional lubricating and cooling compositionszeitheiu as a single-acidor'a mixture of acids in'smal1 amounts such as in the order of about 0.01 to 5.0 weight per cent, preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 weight per cent.

The settling agents can be used in any conventionaI soluble oil including. solublesulfiirize'd oil compositions. Thebase oilbffthe soluble 'oilz.- can comprise a hydrocarbon" oil;"vegetab1e"oil;-' animal oil and/or a marine oil, although it is preferred to use a hydrocarbon oileliasdngmSay -s: bolt viscosity of about 60 seconds and upwar ii at 100 F. Usually hydrocarbon oils having .a A Saybolt viscosity in the range of about 751;?) 150 seconds at 100 F. are preferred. In general, we can use base cilsin -"tli amounts of about 45%to 95%;preferably about 75 to 90%.

InFthose instanceswhereeunsettling agent is added to conventional-soluble sulfinized-= oils; a 1 sulfu'r'izedbase -oil--- isalso --present? in our com-=- positions.- Thesulfurized-base oilus" obtained-61 example; "by sulfurizing-lardoil air sperm --'oil: Similar sulfurcontaining-bases -can' be-'-made-'by' sulfurizing a wide -variety -of "anima1;-fish,-vege* tabla-nor :.otherz rOi1S;:"Su8hrIaS, s iornexampleapsulfiurizedeoleie andi'stea-ric racidssssulfurized rsoya z beanzwoil sulfurizeds hydrocarbon --oils;.-sulf1irized1n tenpenes andtheelikei In bumcompositions, .baseds. om themixture tof emulsifyingzagentzandthezbascsa oil, the sulfurizedrbaseloillcan constitute-aboutrii to 25% by weight preferabltaabout 10 to 15%. For the purposes of our invention, the preferred sulfurized base oil is prepared by reacting) to a. 10% fsulfiir witli'the' oil.

Suitable emulsifying agents;whicli;lcanl bei-. employed in our invention include soaps oin'aphn the'nic acids'or preferentiallyioilasolubllsul-i.- phonic acids or other suitable emulsifying agflntsasuch as non-ionic emulsifying agents." The soaps are =prepared "from 'sodium or potassium+hydroxides or -fr6m ammonia and -ammonia derivatives,

agent; 'rosin" soaps-prepared froimsodium or 'po:-" tassiuin hydrate; Usually the r'osin'soapcan'con stitute about/1,0 "to 20 %'"of theemulsifyifn vagent; the; remainder :being' 'oneior 'TlIlOIe of 'thesoaps agent in the' base oil: 'canixcomprise 'about' 5 to J; 40 'byweight; "preferably'laboiitm to (25% 5'. Of) this; soaps; whichilmay. be".used as; enmlsiiyihgg agents tha petroleum. isulphonateaor ..so walled-a: mahogany. soaps prepared iiromssodiumaor-a pose? tassium. hydroxidessare.sprefieiiredssa Suitable dispersing-or.couplingsagentssmayebea: addedeto .ouricompositionsito (enhance clearness;

andostabilitysthereofvj Variousxiispersing agents];

camberused .iincluding gmr examplei monohydri alcohols, .polyhydrieialcoholspandaalcohohiethei's. examplessof whichcare rethanol, lpropanol, iiso'. propanol;=;butanol,-.amyllalcohol;:diethylenez:gl

c01,11:dietliyleneiglycol-fmonobutylzFether, ete:- In Gallic acid some instances, it is advantageous to employ a dispersing agent, but it is not always necessary. In those cases wherein it is desirable to employ a dispersing agent, generally concentrations in the range of about 0.5 to 5.0% can be employed, preferably about L130 2%.?

To 'our compositions we may' also "add rustproofing agents to inhibit or prevent corrosion of metals undergoing machining operations. A wide evarietyiof-cbmpounds can be employed, for examplepropanolamine, butanolamines, mono-, diaf g ditrifithahnlamines, hydroxamic acid derivatives,;.e..g napkrthenehydroxamic acid, alkylamine soaps oflnaphthenic acids, e. g., didodecyl ammonium naphthenate and stearic acid. When employed-, such rustproofing agents can be present cur compositions in amounts of about 0.1 to 1.0%,;preferably about 0.25 to 0.75%.

We may also add to ounrcompositions antiseptic or bactericidal agents, such as ..chlorinate.d phenols, "for example};tri'clilorophenol, tetrachlorophenol; or ortho 'pl' enyl' 'phenolr: Such-com pounds'when "used -can"be "present-in '.our-'com'5'" positionsinth amountsjof 'about:0.1 to 1.0%., preierablyabout 0.2't'o 0.8%.;

m hpracticingg our invention, generally; the settliri'gagent, .that is, lthe" hydroxy aromaticacid' maybejaddedto conventional soluble oils beiorfle or.. after -dilution withgwater. Usua1ly, the' con.. ventionalsoluble-oilsiare diluted in the volumetric, ratioof aboutj to 1001parts of. Water to 'one'part" ofsoluble oil. ;In1.those cases where a dispersing 1 orucouplingaagent is. .gemplqyedo in conventional solublejoils, lthei settling wageiiiumay be .addedfto 1 the; composition prior .to. .di11ition withl'ivateii by) a preerred.. technique;in; order .to.jobtainbetter.. dispersion. of .the. settlingpagentsin-theI..c0mposi-,;i tion-... =..Th;method jof. preparation- .will.;-lc' e'; ,de-"v scribed? iir-connectiohmith the general ibrmulae. giveninFormulae-l and 11...;

In; theaconventionaLmannerv the -.emulsifying. agent-,is addedsto. theibase. oil in the;proper..pro= portions. The... temperature. of lthis.'mixtu re v.-is l maintained. at .about.:.- Z5"-...-to #120 (F ;preferably;,4r about to F.,-andthen thedispersing. agent; in .the desired. amcuntds .added thereto. Mean: While; the. desired-concentration .of settling agent, is ,dissolvedjri waternoi the: desired proportion. Thelwatersolution ofsettling agent is then added to the. basal oil-emulsifyingagent-dispensing agent mixture .which isbeingpheldia't a temperature of about 75j to ""F.,"preferably about 80 to 110 'F. In this'inannenthe settling agent is substantially *dispersed throughout the mixture, andthe compositionappears clear-and bright- Referringto theabo've preferred technique to adding the =settliiigagent prior =to' dilution-wit water, a base sulfurized oil as wella'srustproofingvz andbactericidal agentsiinay bezusedi fThez'con-e centrati'ons of these:componentsrcamvary'withint r the ranges lspecifiedrinFormulae:IEand511.;.1

Thzfollowing examplesarefillustrationsiof .ourrzrz invention; andmhouldhot-be interpreted-as; limi 7, ingrthescopeithereofs':

Example I Weight per cent Sodium sulfonate 14.00

Sodiumrosinate" 3.00 Petroleum-oiP-(MO-S: S. U. -at'-100 --l5.-)* 79200 Tetrachlorophenol-z; 025w. Triethanolamine-= 0.50 Water 15 .2. Ethanolae 1 0.50

Example I! Weight per cent Sodium sulfonate 10.00 Petroleum oil (80 S. S. U. at 100 F.) 86.50 Tetrachlorophenol 0.25 Isopropanol 1.50 Water 1.50 Tannic acid 0.25

Ewample III Weight per cent Sodium sulfonate 11.00 Sodium rosinate 3.00 Petroleum oil (80 S. S. U. at 100 F.) 60.25 Sulfurized lard oil 10.00 Lard oil 5.00 Sodium salt of o-phenyl phenol 0.50 Ethanol 5.00 Water 5.00 Tannic acid 0.25

Unless otherwise specified, for the purposes of this specification and the subjoining claims, all

Sodium sulfonate 15 Petroleum oil (80 S. S. U. at 100 F.) 85

To the above mixture was added:

Tetrachlorophenol 0.25 Isopropanol 1.0 Water 1.0

The results of these tests were obtained by visual inspection, and are reported in the following table:

TABLE Concentration in Cleanliness Settling Agent Emulsion, Chip Settling of Emulsion Percent System by Wt.

None P001 to Fair. Benzoic acid Do. Salicylic acid Fair. B-resorcylic acid. 0. 009 Fair to Goo Good. Tannic acid 0. 009 Excellent Excellent.

The term "detergency as used in this specification and in the claims refers to the general property of the emulsion to maintain parts in contact with the emulsion circulating system in a clean state free from adhering metal fines and/or metal-oil aggregates. This property, as indicated in the above table seems to be related to the chip-settling property of the emulsions. It is to be noted that benzoic acid which has little or no effect relative to detergency is also not suitable as a chip-settling agent and that tannic acid which is an excellent agent for chip settling also maintained a clean system.

We claim:

1. An improved emulsifiable soluble oil composition comprising from about 45% to about of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 5% to about 40% of an emulsifying agent selected from the class consisting of an alkali metal, ammonia and amino soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and a sodium, potassium, ammonia and amino soap of a naphthenic acid, and from about 0.01% to about 5% of a tannic acid.

2. An improved emulsifiable'soluble oil composition comprising from about 45% to about 95% of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 5% to about 25% of a sulfurized oil, from about 5% to about 40% of an emulsifying agent selected from the class consisting of an alkali metal, ammonia and amino soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and a sodium, potassium, amino soap of a naphthenic acid, and from about 0.01% to about 5% of a tannic acid.

3. An improved emulsifiable soluble oil composition comprising from about 45% to about 95% of a hydrocarbon oil, from about 5% to about 40% of an alkali metal soap of a preferentially oil-soluble sulfonic acid, and from about 0.01% to about 5% of a tannic acid.

THOMAS H. C'AFCAS. ALBERT W. LINDERT.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,062,652 Herrmann et al. Dec. 1, 1936 2,097,085 Fabian Oct. 26, 1937 2,252,385 Orozco Aug. 12, 1941 2,320,263 Carlson et al. May 25, 1943 2,376,885 Sherwood May 29, 1945 OTHER REFERENCES The Concentration of Ores by Flotation," Edser, found on page 263 of the Fourth Report on Colloid Chemistry and its General and Industrial Applications (1922), a publication of the British Association for the Advancement 0 Science, pages 269 and 320. 

1. AN IMPROVED EMULSIFIABLE SOLUBLE OIL COMPOSITION COMPRISING FROM ABOUT 45% TO ABOUT 95% OF A HYDROCARBON OIL, FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 40% OF AN EMULSIFYING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF AN ALKALI METAL, AMMONIA AND AMINO SOAP OF A PREFERENTIALLY OIL-SOLUBLE SULFONIC ACID, AND A SODIUM, PATASSIUM, AMMONIA AND AMINO SOAP OF A NAPHTHENIC ACID, AND FROM ABOUT 0.01% TO ABOUT 5% OF A TANNIC ACID. 